Self-assessment questions: Making sense of gut-brain signals
Ingestion of lipid:
Releases the intestinal hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)
Decreases the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in magnetic resonance images of hypothalamus
Increases central nervous system (CNS) responses to visual and auditory cues for sadness
Acutely increases vagal afferent neuron discharge
Inhibits food intake via ghrelin release
Vagal afferent neurons:
Mediate painful sensations from the stomach
Exhibit leptin resistance in obesity
Are inhibited by cholecystokinin (CCK)
Constitute the afferent arm of reflexes leading to inhibition of gastric emptying
Exhibit nutrient-dependent neurochemical plasticity
The gut microbiota:
Change in obesity
Might decrease food intake via release of cholecystokinin (CCK)
Contribute to obesity through increased energy extraction
Do not influence vagal afferent responses to leptin
Participate in gut-brain but not brain-gut signalling
Answers to these self-assessment questions can be found on page s92.
- © 2012 Royal College of Physicians
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