Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Hospital survival in 2095 ALF admissions to the Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, King's College Hospital by era. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals (p<0.00001). Reproduced with permission.2 ALF = acute liver failure.
- Fig 2.
Classification systems for ALF. The late onset period runs from 8 to 24 weeks in the Japanese system. Reproduced with permission.4 ALF = acute liver failure.
- Fig 3.
Survival after liver transplantation for ALF by date of surgery in Europe, 1984–2008. Data from the European liver transplant registry; numbers are completed 1, 5 and 10-year survival rates. Numbers in parentheses are surgeries done in each group. Reproduced with permission.19 ALF = acute liver failure.
Tables
- Box 1.
Initial investigations for patients presenting with ALF. Adapted with permission.9
> Arterial blood gases: include lactate and arterial ammonia > Haematology: full blood count and coagulation studies (INR and prothrombin time, fibrinogen); blood group > Biochemistry: liver function tests (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, bilirubin, albumin), renal function and electrolytes (Na, K, urea, creatinine, Mg, PO4), glucose, amylase, thyroid function tests, creatine kinase and lipids > Hepatitis serology and viral screen: anti-HAV IgM, HBsAg, anti-HB core IgM and anti-HEV IgM, EBV, CMV, HSV, HIV, adenovirus and parvovirus > Autoantibodies: antinuclear, anti-smooth muscle actin, anti-liver/kidney microsomal antibodies and immunoglobulins > Toxicology screen: paracetamol and salicylate levels > Metabolic screen: serum copper and caeruloplasmin > Liver ultrasound: include assessment of patency of hepatic and portal veins and hepatic artery ALF = acute liver failure; ALP = alkaline phosphatase; ALT = alanine transaminase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; CMV = cytomegalovirus; EBV = Epstein–Barr virus; GGT = gamma-glutamyl transferase; HAV = hepatitis A virus; HB = hepatitis B; HEV = hepatitis E virus; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; HSV = herpes simplex virus; IgM = immunoglobulin M; INR = international normalised ratio; K = potassium; Mg = magnesium;
Na = sodium; PO4 = phosphate.
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