Hypovitaminosis D causes impaired glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients
Aims
To determine the frequency of Vitamin D deficiency and its effect on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: The study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Duration of the study: 6 months from June 2015 to December 2015.
Sample size: The sample size was 191 patients, as calculated using World Health Organization software for sample size calculation by using:
proportion of vitamin D deficiency in type 2 diabetic patients = 58.34%
margin of error (d) = 7%
confidence interval = 95%.
Sampling technique: Non-probability consecutive sampling.
A total of 191 patients were included in the study. After taking informed consent, blood samples for the assessment of Vitamin D levels were obtained from the patients fulfilling inclusion criteria of the study. Confidentiality of their information was maintained.
Results
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be 69.1% in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Descriptive statistics of HbA1c were calculated and showed that 98 (62.4%) patients who had HbA1c <8% were found to be vitamin D deficient while 34 (100%) patients with HbA1c >8% had vitamin D deficiency.
Further studies are required for the development of strategies for the supplementation of vitamin D in type 2 diabetic patients for better glycaemic control along with standard treatment.
Conclusion
Our study found a significantly high frequency of Vitamin D deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In view of this, we recommend early replacement of vitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus along with the specific therapy to improve the outcome; this may alter the natural history of this disease.
Conflict of interest statement
No potential conflict of interest.
Vitamin D deficiency | Total | p value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||||
HbA1c group | <8 | n | 98 | 59 | 157 | |
% | 62.4 | 37.6 | 100.0 | |||
>8 | n | 34 | 0 | 34 | ||
% | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.000 | ||
Total | 132 | 59 | 191 |
Chi-square test was applied. p value ≤0.05 considered as significant at 0.05 level.
- © Royal College of Physicians 2019. All rights reserved.
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