A practical review of functional neurological disorder (FND) for the general physician
Karina Bennett, Clare Diamond, Ingrid Hoeritzauer, Paula Gardiner, Laura McWhirter, Alan Carson and Jon Stone
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0987
Clin Med January 2021 Karina Bennett
ARoyal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Roles: internal medicine trainee
Clare Diamond
BCentre for Clinical Brain Services, Edinburgh, UK
Roles: research assistant
Ingrid Hoeritzauer
CRoyal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Roles: neurology registrar
Paula Gardiner
DCentre for Clinical Brain Services, Edinburgh, UK
Roles: cognitive behavioural therapy therapist and neurophysiotherapist
Laura McWhirter
ECentre for Clinical Brain Services, Edinburgh, UK
Roles: neuropsychiatry consultant
Alan Carson
FCentre for Clinical Brain Services, Edinburgh, UK
Roles: professor of neuropsychiatry
Jon Stone
GCentre for Clinical Brain Services, Edinburgh, UK
Roles: professor of neurology
Article Information
vol. 21 no. 1 28-36
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History:
- Published online January 21, 2021.
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© Royal College of Physicians 2021. All rights reserved.
Author Information
- Karina Bennett, internal medicine traineeA⇑,
- Clare Diamond, research assistantB,
- Ingrid Hoeritzauer, neurology registrarC,
- Paula Gardiner, cognitive behavioural therapy therapist and neurophysiotherapistD,
- Laura McWhirter, neuropsychiatry consultantE,
- Alan Carson, professor of neuropsychiatryF and
- Jon Stone, professor of neurologyG
- ARoyal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BCentre for Clinical Brain Services, Edinburgh, UK
- CRoyal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- DCentre for Clinical Brain Services, Edinburgh, UK
- ECentre for Clinical Brain Services, Edinburgh, UK
- FCentre for Clinical Brain Services, Edinburgh, UK
- GCentre for Clinical Brain Services, Edinburgh, UK
- Address for correspondence: Dr Karina Bennett, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Infirmary of Edinburgh, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK. Email: karinambennett@gmail.com
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A practical review of functional neurological disorder (FND) for the general physician
Karina Bennett, Clare Diamond, Ingrid Hoeritzauer, Paula Gardiner, Laura McWhirter, Alan Carson, Jon Stone
Clinical Medicine Jan 2021, 21 (1) 28-36; DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0987
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- Article
- ABSTRACT
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of FND
- Assessment and diagnosis: general principles
- Diagnostic pitfalls
- Functional limb weakness, tremor, dystonia and other abnormal movements
- Dissociative/functional seizures
- Functional cognitive symptoms
- Urinary retention and ‘scan-negative’ cauda equina syndrome
- Other FND Symptoms
- New advances in mechanism and aetiology
- Investigation
- Treatment
- Key practice implications
- Acknowledgements
- Funding
- Conflicts of interest
- References
- Figures & Data
- Info & Metrics
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