Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Modified consort diagram demonstrating inclusion of cases. For a detailed overview of missing data, see supplementary material S1, Table S1. CURB65 = confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age of 65 years or older score; Lac-CURB65 = lactate, confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age of 65 years or older score; MuLBSTA = multilobular infiltration, hypo-lymphocytosis, bacterial coinfection, smoking history, hyper-tension and age score; NEWS2 = National Early Warning Score 2; qSOFA = quick Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment; RT-PCR = reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction.
- Fig 2.
Receiver operator curve for early severe adverse event in all SARS-CoV-2 infection. CURB65 = confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age of 65 years or older score; Lac-CURB65 = lactate, confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age of 65 years or older score; MuLBSTA = multilobular infiltration, hypo-lymphocytosis, bacterial coinfection, smoking history, hyper-tension and age score; NEWS2 = National Early Warning Score 2; qSOFA = quick Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment; ROC = area under the receiver operator curve.
- Fig 3.
Receiver operator curve for early severe adverse event in COVID-19-associated community-acquired pneumonia only. CURB65 = confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age of 65 years or older score; Lac-CURB65 = lactate, confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age of 65 years or older score; MuLBSTA = multilobular infiltration, hypo-lymphocytosis, bacterial coinfection, smoking history, hyper-tension and age score; NEWS2 = National Early Warning Score 2; qSOFA = quick Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment; ROC = area under the receiver operator curve.
Tables
- Table 1.
Ability of severity scoring systems to stratify risk for 7-day mortality or early severe adverse event for COVID-19 pneumonia only
CURB65, n=1,708 0 1 2 3 4 5 p value Number of cases, n 331 431 470 366 99 11 ESAE, n (%) 67 (20) 133 (31) 158 (34) 154 (42) 52 (53) 7 (64) <0.001 Lac-CURB65, n=1,155 Low Moderate High Number of cases, n 372 407 376 ESAE, n (%) 95 (26) 130 (32) 163 (43) <0.001 NEWS2, n=1,708 Low Moderate High Number of cases, n 637 385 686 ESAE, n (%) 106 (17) 131 (34) 337 (49) <0.001 MuLBSTA score, n=1,042 Low High Number of cases, n 446 596 ESAE, n (%) 112 (25) 210 (35) <0.001 qSOFA score, n=1,718 0 1 2 3 Number of cases, n 554 883 258 23 ESAE, n (%) 111 (20) 336 (35) 115 (45) 13 (57) <0.001 Comparison of proportions were done using chi-squared test for trend. Lac-CURB65 cut-offs: low = CURB65 ≤1 and/or lactate <2.0 mmol/L; moderate = CURB65 2 and/or lactate 2.0–4.0 mmol/L; high = CURB65 ≥3 and/or lactate >4.0 mmol/L. NEWS2 score cut-offs: low = score 0–4; medium = score 5–6; high = aggregate score ≥7. CURB65 = confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age of 65 years or older score; ESAE = early severe adverse event; Lac-CURB65 = lactate, confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age of 65 years or older score; MuLBSTA = multilobular infiltration, hypo-lymphocytosis, bacterial coinfection, smoking history, hyper-tension and age score; NEWS2 = National Early Warning Score 2; qSOFA = quick Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment.
- Table 2.
Performance characteristics of severity assessment tools to predict early severe adverse outcome in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Sensitivity, % Specificity, % PPV, % NPV, % CURB65 ≥2, n=1,353 66.00 48.51 33.20 78.63 CURB65 ≥3, n=700 38.00 76.61 38.65 76.11 Lac-CURB-65 ≥moderate, n=1,035 76.22 34.20 31.59 78.30 Lac-CURB-65 high, n=489 43.36 71.84 38.04 76.08 qSOFA ≥2, n=431 23.82 86.21 40.10 74.49 NEWS2 ≥medium, n=1,349 80.12 50.75 38.84 86.73 NEWS2 high, n=850 57.80 71.82 44.47 81.34 MuLBSTA high, n=666 62.01 56.68 33.33 81.03 CURB65 = confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age of 65 years or older score; Lac-CURB65 = lactate, confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age of 65 years or older score; MuLBSTA = multilobular infiltration, hypo-lymphocytosis, bacterial coinfection, smoking history, hyper-tension and age score; NEWS2 = National Early Warning Score 2; NPV = negative predictive value; PPV = positive predictive value; qSOFA = quick Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment.
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