TY - JOUR T1 - A review of the health effects of smoking shisha JF - Clinical Medicine JO - Clin Med SP - 263 LP - 266 DO - 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-3-263 VL - 15 IS - 3 AU - Murtaza Kadhum AU - Abed Sweidan AU - Ali Emad Jaffery AU - Adam Al-Saadi AU - Brendan Madden Y1 - 2015/06/01 UR - http://www.rcpjournals.org/content/15/3/263.abstract N2 - There is emerging evidence, although at early stages, of various detrimental health effects after smoking shisha. With regard to the cardiovascular system, there is a significant acute rise in cardiovascular markers, such as heart rate and blood pressure. The long-term effects on the cardiovascular system are yet to be established. Shisha smoking has also been significantly associated with lung cancer. Various other forms of cancer have also been documented, but have not reached statistical significance and require further research. Finally, shisha smoking increases the risk of infection and has been associated with outbreaks in the Middle East. Therefore, with the increasing consumption of shisha in Europe, especially in the UK, more research is required to tackle this potential public health threat. ER -