RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 A review of the health effects of smoking shisha
JF Clinical Medicine
JO Clin Med
FD Royal College of Physicians
SP 263
OP 266
DO 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-3-263
VO 15
IS 3
A1 Murtaza Kadhum
A1 Abed Sweidan
A1 Ali Emad Jaffery
A1 Adam Al-Saadi
A1 Brendan Madden
YR 2015
UL http://www.rcpjournals.org/content/15/3/263.abstract
AB There is emerging evidence, although at early stages, of various detrimental health effects after smoking shisha. With regard to the cardiovascular system, there is a significant acute rise in cardiovascular markers, such as heart rate and blood pressure. The long-term effects on the cardiovascular system are yet to be established. Shisha smoking has also been significantly associated with lung cancer. Various other forms of cancer have also been documented, but have not reached statistical significance and require further research. Finally, shisha smoking increases the risk of infection and has been associated with outbreaks in the Middle East. Therefore, with the increasing consumption of shisha in Europe, especially in the UK, more research is required to tackle this potential public health threat.