PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Jeremy J O Turner
TI  - Hypercalcaemia – presentation and management 
AID  - 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-3-270
DP  - 2017 Jun 01
TA  - Clinical Medicine
PG  - 270--273
VI  - 17
IP  - 3
4099  - http://www.rcpjournals.org/content/17/3/270.short
4100  - http://www.rcpjournals.org/content/17/3/270.full
SO  - Clin Med2017 Jun 01; 17
AB  - Hypercalcaemia is a common disorder normally caused by primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) or malignancy. A proportion of cases present as an emergency, which carries a significant mortality. Emergency management of hypercalcaemia is based on intravenous rehydration with normal saline but when this is inadequate, bisphosphonate therapy is used; more recently the novel anti-resorbtive agent denosumab has been shown to have a useful role in treatment. It is estimated that up to 10% of all cases of PHPT presenting under the age of 45 years have an underlying genetic predisposition; nine potentially causative genes are now recognised and may be screened in routine clinical practice. Although parathyroidectomy is the only curative treatment for PHPT, this is indicated in a minority of cases. Many cases can be adequately managed conservatively and guidance from the 4th international workshop on the management of asymptomatic PHPT has recently been updated in a consensus statement.