Box 1.

Neurological manifestations of varicella-zoster infection

Aseptic meningitis
Encephalitis
Brainstem encephalitis
Ventriculitis
Seizures
Cerebellitis
Myelitis
Acute haemorrhagic meningo-myeloradiculitis
Cerebral vasculitis and stroke
Granulomatous large vessel vasculitis
Vasculopathy
Cerebral venous thrombosis
Cranial nerve palsies (including Ramsay–Hunt syndrome)
Reye's syndrome (varicella and aspirin intake)
Polyneuropathy
Guillain–Barré syndrome
Radiculopathy
Zoster paresis (arm weakness with cervical zoster)
Diaphragmatic palsy
Zoster sine herpete (chronic radicular pain without rash)
Post herpetic neuralgia
Elsberg syndrome (bilateral sacral radiculopathy with conus myelitis)
Myositis
Rhabdomyolysis
Orbital myositis
Retinal necrosis (acute retinal necrosis and progressive outer retinal necrosis)
Retrobulbar optic neuritis
Central retinal artery occlusion
Proximal myopathy
Abdominal pseudo-hernia.