Table 1.

Hospital interventions likely to improve outcome in patients with severe COVID-19 infection

Supportive care	Rest Appropriate hydration Nutritional support VTE prophylaxis Pain management – improving respiration Management of comorbidities COPD/asthma – nebulisers and steroids Heart failure management Fluid balance in renal failure Titration of blood pressure medication Adjusting immunosuppressive medication Safe glycemic control
Early identification	Early identification of secondary bacterial infection/sepsis Identification of ‘COVID-19’ mimickers (eg urosepsis, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, CAP, HAP) Early identification of hypoxia Early identification of secondary pulmonary embolism Early identification of type-2 myocardial infarction Escalation plan discussions Patients requiring CCU care

CAP = community-acquired pneumonia; COPD = chronic obstructive airways disease; HAP = hospital-acquired pneumonia; VTE = venous thromboembolism.