Table 1.

Major sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor trials: summary of outcomes

	Cardiovascular outcome trials in type 2 diabetes				Renal outcome trials		Heart failure outcome trials
Trial drug	CANVAS canagliflozin	DECLARE TIMI-58 dapagliflozin	EMPA-REG OUTCOME empagliflozin	VERTIS-CV ertugliflozin	CREDENCE canagliflozin	DAPA-CKD dapagliflozin	DAPA-HF dapagliflozin	EMPEROR-REDUCED empagliflozin
n	10,142	17,160	7,020	8,246	4,401	4,304	4,744	3,730
Baseline participant characteristics	65% established CVD; 35% risk factors for CVD	40% established CVD; 60% risk factors for CVD	All established CVD	All established CVD	All T2D with established diabetic kidney disease	All chronic kidney disease with or without T2D	All HFrEF II–IV with or without T2D	All HFrEF II–IV with or without T2D
Major adverse CV event (MACE)	↓14%⁹	↔	↓14%¹²	↔	↓20%⁹	n/a	n/a	n/a
CV death and hospitalisation for heart failure	↓22%¹⁰	↓17%¹¹	↓34%¹³	↔	↓31%⁹	↓29%¹⁵	↓25%¹⁶	↓25%¹⁷
Major adverse renal events	↓47%⁹	↓47%¹¹	↓39%¹²	↔	↓30%⁹	↓39%¹⁵	↔	↓50%¹⁷
Hospitalisation for heart failure	↓33%⁹	↓27%¹¹	↓35%¹²	↓30¹⁴	↓39%⁹	n/a	↓30%¹⁶	↓31%¹⁷
CV death	↔	↔	↓38%¹²	↔	↔	↔	↓28%¹⁶	↔
All-cause mortality	↔	↔	↓32%¹²	↔	↔	↓31%¹⁵	↓17%¹⁶	↔

Trials differed in their design and population (included), therefore direct comparison should not be made. CV = cardiovascular; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; n/a = not applicable; T2D = type 2 diabetes. Box colours: blue = confirmed significant risk reduction in primary outcome; green = significant risk reduction as exploratory outcome; yellow = no significant/neutral effect; grey = outcome not reported.