Table 1.

Studies in liver transplant recipients

Author	Year	Number of patients	Time post transplant (mean or median)	Immunosuppression	Outcome measure	Result
Montasser¹⁹	2020	45, 84.4% males	51.6 ± 28 months	20 patients were on conventional tacrolimus, five patients were on reduced-dose tacrolimus + everolimus, four patients were on a once-daily tacrolimus, 14 patients were on CyA ± mycophenolic acid derivatives, and two patients were on a CNI-free regimen of Myfortic + everolimus. Patients taking tacrolimus were instructed to either change to a prolonged-release capsule once-daily dose for better compliance, or take two-thirds of their dose of conventional tacrolimus at dawn and one-third at sunset on an empty stomach For patients on CyA, they were instructed to take two-thirds of the dose at dawn and one-third at sunset	Renal and liver function	There was a significant change in renal function pre and post-Ramadan (1.1 ± 0.2 vs 1.25 ± 0.27 mg/dL (p=0.004)). Thirty seven patients completed fasting, five stopped due to rise in creatinine, three had interrupted fasting. Liver function, tacrolimus and CyA levels were not significantly different
Derbala²⁰	2018	96, 58 were male	>1 year post transplant	Tacrolimus	Renal and liver function, tacrolimus level	Significant differences were found in albumin, total protein, cholesterol, creatinine, haemoglobin and platelet count during Ramadan when compared to before and after Ramadan, all above measured parameters were lower during Ramadan