Common causes of bronchiectasis
| Cause | Examples |
|---|---|
| Idiopathic | |
| Post-infective | Pneumonia |
| Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) | |
| Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease | |
| Whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis) | |
| Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis | |
| Respiratory viruses (eg adenovirus and measles) | |
| Immunodeficiency | Primary (eg common variable immune deficiency) |
| Secondary (eg HIV, chemotherapy and immunosuppressant use) | |
| Autoimmune diseases | Inflammatory bowel disease Connective tissue disease (eg rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and Sjögren's syndrome) Sarcoidosis Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Impaired mucociliary clearance | Cystic fibrosis Primary ciliary dyskinesia Young's syndrome |
| Airway architectural distortion, injury or obstruction | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Inhalation of toxins/smoke Recurrent aspiration secondary to dysphagia or gastro-oesophageal reflux Tumour Foreign body |
| Congenital causes | Marfan's syndrome |
| Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (tracheobronchomegaly) | |
| Williams–Campbell syndrome (cartilage deficiency) |