Symptom | Frequency, n (%) | CNS cancer, n | PPV, % (95% CI) | NPV, % (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Headache | 96 (62.7) | 2 | 2.1 (0.8–5.4) | 96.5 (91.0–98.7) |
With features of raised ICP | 45 (29.4) | 1 | 2.2 (0.4–11.2) | 97.2 (95.2–98.4) |
Without features of raised ICP | 51 (33.3) | 1 | 2.0 (0.3–10.5) | 96.1 (94.8–97.5) |
Visual disturbance | 49 (32.0) | 2 | 4.1 (1.5–10.4) | 98.1 (95.0–99.3) |
Nausea and vomiting | 42 (27.5) | 1 | 2.4 (1.8–3.1) | 100.0 |
Dizziness | 33 (21.6) | 0 | 0.0 | 96.7 (96.4–96.9) |
Ataxia | 24 (15.7) | 0 | 0.0 | 96.9 (96.7–97.1) |
Limb weakness | 19 (12.4) | 1 | 5.3 (1.0–24.3) | 97.8 (96.1–98.7) |
Photophobia | 18 (11.8) | 0 | 0.0 | 97.0 (96.7–97.2) |
Sensory loss | 15 (9.8) | 1 | 6.7 (1.2–29.5) | 97.8 (96.2–98.8) |
Paraesthesia | 12 (7.8) | 0 | 0.0 | 97.2 (97.0–97.3) |
Tinnitus | 11 (7.2) | 0 | 0.0 | 97.2 (97.1–97.3) |
Memory impairment | 10 (6.5) | 1 | 10.0 (1.8–40.5) | 97.9 (96.6–98.9) |
Gait abnormalities | 9 (5.9) | 1 | 11.1 (2.0–43.7) | 97.9 (96.4–98.8) |
Cranial nerve palsy | 4 (2.6) | 1 | 25.0 (4.2–71.8) | 98.0 (96.5–98.9) |
CNS = central nervous system; ICP = intracranial pressure; NPV = negative predictive value; PPV = positive predictive value. The table has been abbreviated to show only those symptoms with a minimum of 10 cases or with a PPV greater than zero. For full table of presenting symptoms, see supplementary material S1, Table S4.