Table 1.

Overview of included studies

Author, publication yearThemesCountryNumberStudy typePopulation
Deusenberry et al, 201221AgeUSA692Case-controlT2DM
Glynn et al, 199922AgeUSA161,700Case-controlT1DM and T2DM
Ha et al, 201223AgeSouth Korea320Case seriesT1DM and T2DM
Lipska et al, 201524AgeUSA1,288Cross-sectionalT1DM and T2DM
Monami et al, 201325AgeItaly854Case-controlT2DM
Shorr et al, 199716AgeUSA19,932Cohort studyT2DM
Strain et al, 201717AgeEurope278RCTT2DM
Zhong et al, 201719AgeUK264,687Cohort studyT1DM and T2DM
The ACCORD Study Group, 200811Age, comorbidity, complications, frailtyUSA, Canada10,251RCTT2DM
The ADVANCE Collaborative Group, 200812Age, comorbidity, complications, duration, frailtyAsia, Australia, Europe, North America11,140RCTT2DM
Duckworth et al, 20096Age, comorbidity, complications, frailtyUSA1,791RCTT2DM
UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group, 199814Age, complicationsUK3,867RCTT2DM
Lipska et al, 201343Age, duration, hypoglycaemiaUSA9,094Cross-sectionalT2DM
Yi et al, 201818Age, hypoglycaemiaChina23,680Cohort studyT2DM
Ben-Ami et al, 199920Age, hypoglycaemiaIsrael102Case seriesT1DM and T2DM
O'Connor et al, 200315Age, psychosocioeconomicUSA1,109Cohort studyT1DM and T2DM
Blaum et al, 200329Comorbidity, frailtyUSA7,447Cross-sectionalT1DM and T2DM
Adler et al, 19995ComplicationsUK5,063RCTT2DM
Holman et al, 20087ComplicationsUK3,277Cohort studyT2DM
Mellbin et al, 20138ComplicationsMany12,537RCTT2DM
Mukamal et al, 20019ComplicationsUSA1,935Cohort studyT1DM and T2DM
Nathan, 201410ComplicationsUSA1,441Cohort studyT1DM
The ORIGIN Trial Investigators, 201213ComplicationsMany12,537RCTT2DM
McCoy et al, 201244Duration, hypoglycaemiaUSA1,020Case-controlT1DM and T2DM
Kalyani et al, 201031FrailtyUSA6,097Cross-sectionalT1DM and T2DM
Bruce et al, 201832FrailtyAustralia367Cohort studyT2DM
Currie et al, 201033FrailtyUK27,965Cohort studyT2DM
de Galan et al, 200934FrailtyAsia, Australia, Europe, North America11,140RCTT2DM
Huang et al, 201135FrailtyUSA71,092Cohort studyT2DM
Liccini et al, 201636FrailtyUSA198Cohort studyT1DM and T2DM
Twito et al, 201326FrailtyIsrael2,994Cohort studyT1DM and T2DM
Van Hateren et al, 201127FrailtyHolland374Cohort studyT2DM
Yanagita et al, 201828FrailtyJapan132Cohort studyT2DM
Punthakee et al, 201230FrailtyUSA, Canada2,956Cohort studyT2DM
Bonds et al, 201038HypoglycaemiaUSA, Canada10,194Cohort studyT2DM
Chen et al, 201739HypoglycaemiaChina90RCTT2DM
Hsu et al, 201340HypoglycaemiaTaiwan9,220Cohort studyT2DM
Huang et al, 201441HypoglycaemiaUSA72,310Cohort studyT2DM
Kong et al, 201442HypoglycaemiaHong Kong8767Cohort studyT2DM
Whitmer et al, 200945HypoglycaemiaUSA16,667Cohort studyT2DM
Zoungas et al, 201037HypoglycaemiaAsia, Australia, Europe, North America11,140Cohort studyT2DM
Brown et al, 200846PsychosocioeconomicUSA332Cross-sectionalT2DM
Chin et al, 200847PsychosocioeconomicUSA537Cross-sectionalT1DM and T2DM
Ciechanowski et al, 200048PsychosocioeconomicUSA367Cross-sectionalT1DM and T2DM
Egede et al, 200549PsychosocioeconomicUSA10,025Cohort studyT1DM and T2DM
Finkelstein et al, 200350PsychosocioeconomicUSA242,067Case-controlT1DM and T2DM
Huang et al, 200551PsychosocioeconomicUSA28QualitativeT2DM
Huang et al, 200652PsychosocioeconomicUSA519Cross-sectionalT2DM

  • RCT = randomised controlled trial; T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus.