Author | Year | Patients, n | Study type | Respiratory support | Outcome | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marciniak et al8 | 2021 | 1,283 | Prospective observational | NIV/IMV | Pneumothorax incidence 0.97% | Did not include pneumomediastinum |
Martinelli et al5 | 2020 | 71 | Multicentre retrospective | NIV/IMV | Pneumothorax incidence 1%, age >70 years and acidosis associated with poor prognosis | Limited patients with pneumomediastinum, n=11 |
Palumbo et al4 | 2021 | 14 | Multicentre retrospective | NIV only | Rate of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum was higher in wave 2 | Limited patients with pneumomediastinum, n=8 |
Belletti et al6 | 2021 | 28 | Single-centre observational | IMV only | Pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum incidence 24.1% | Limited patients with pneumomediastinum, n=13 |
Lemmers et al7 | 2020 | 23 | Single-centre retrospective | IMV only | Seven-fold increase in pneumothorax/pnumomediastinum as compared with non-COVID-19 group | No data about pneumomediastinum alone |
IMV = invasive mechanical ventilation; NIV = non-invasive ventilation.