Viral infections

Sporadic viral infections such as Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella zoster virus, adenovirus and enteroviruses

Epidemic viral infections such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus, rabies virus and enterovirus 71

Bacterial infections including rickettsial diseases, tuberculosis, or bacterial abscess

Parasitic infections such as cerebral malaria or neurocysticercosis

Other space-occupying lesions