Urology referral: |
> unexplained macroscopic (visible) haematuria (any age) |
> microscopic haematuria (any age) with urinary tract symptoms (eg hesitancy, dysuria, frequency or urgency) in the absence of UTI or transient causes |
> persistent asymptomatic microscopic haematuria and age ≥40 years. |
Nephrology referral: |
> microscopic haematuria and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2 or declining GFR (by >10 mL/min/1.73m2 within the last 5 years or by >5 mL/min/1.73m2 within the last year) |
> hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mmHg) |
> significant proteinuria (ACR ≥30 mg/mmol or PCR ≥50 mg/mmol) |
> macroscopic (visible) haematuria coinciding with intercurrent (usually upper respiratory tract) infection |
> family history of haematuria or kidney disease. |
ACR = albumin:creatinine ratio; BP = blood pressure; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; PCR = protein:creatinine ratio; UTI = urinary tract infection.