Commonly encountered conditions | Examples |
---|---|
> Acute tubular injury | > Hypovolaemia, sepsis, nephrotoxic drugs |
> ‘Acute’ presentations of CKD | > See table 3 |
Immunodeficiency-associated | |
> Anti-microbial toxicity | > ATI (eg co-trimoxazole, amphotericin) |
> TIN (eg co-trimoxazole, rifampicin) | |
> Crystalluria (aciclovir and sulphadiazine) | |
> Renal parenchymal infection | > Renal TB |
> Viral nephropathies (eg CMV, BK – rare) | |
> Neoplasia | > Infiltration/obstruction eg by lymphoma |
HIV treatment-associated | |
> cART nephropathy | > ATI (tenofovir) |
> Crystalluria/stone obstruction (atazanavir or indinavir) | |
> TIN (especially atazanavir) | |
> Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) | |
HIV-virus associated (rare) | |
> HIVAN | |
> Immune complex glomerulonephritis | |
> Thrombotic microangiopathy | |
> Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytic syndrome | |
Other conditions | |
> Rhabdomyloysis | |
> Recreational drug toxicity | > Cocaine (vasospasm, hypertension, rhabdo) |
> Ketamine (obstructive uropathy) | |
> Acute glomerulonephritis | > Bacterial endocarditis |
> HBV / HCV co-infection | |
> Post-infectious glomerulonephritis | |
> Tubulo-interstital nephritis | > Drug induced eg antibiotics, PPIs |
AKI = acute kidney injury; ATI = acute tubular injury; cART = combination anti-retroviral therapy; CMV = cytomegalovirus; HIVAN = HIV-associated nephropathy; PI = protease inhibitor; PPI = proton-pump inhibitor; TIN = tubulo-interstitial nephritis.