Features that most likely indicate PH related to left heart disease.
| Clinical features | Investigation findings |
|---|---|
| Age >65 years | Left axis deviation on ECG |
| Systemic hypertension | Dilated LA on echocardiography |
| Diabetes | LVH on echocardiography |
| Atrial fibrillation | LV diastolic dysfunction on echocardiography |
| Obesity | Increased E/E’ on echocardiography |
| Ischaemic heart disease |
ECG = electrocardiogram; E/E’ = ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling (E) to early diastolic mitral annular velocity; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy.