Clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus
| System | Clinical manifestations |
|---|---|
| Constitutional | Fever, raised inflammatory markers, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, weight loss |
| Dermatological | Mouth ulcers, malar rash, photosensitivity, discoid rash, subacute cutaneous lupus, alopecia, livedo reticularis, purpura, vasculitis, urticaria |
| Musculoskeletal | Arthritis, myositis, arthralgia, myalgia |
| Renal | Glomerulonephritis, proteinuria, haematuria, uraemia |
| Cardiac | Libman-Sacks endocarditis, pericarditis, myocarditis, accelerated atherosclerosis, hypertension, dyslipidaemia |
| Respiratory | Pleurisy, pleural effusions, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary haemorrhage, pulmonary fibrosis |
| Gastroenterological | Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatitis, hepatosplenomegaly, peritonitis, clitis |
| Neurological | Seizures, psychosis, headaches, mononeuritis multiplex, peripheral and cranial neuropathy, cerebrovascular accident, chorea |
| Haematological | Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia |
| Vascular | Raynaud’s phenomenon, vasculitis, thrombosis |