Antibody | Prevalence | Clinical features | |
---|---|---|---|
Antisynthetase antibodies (Jo-1, Zo, OJ, PL12, KS, PL7, EJ, Ha) | Jo-1 9–24% in adult DM/PM | Myositis, ILD, non-erosive arthritis, mechanic’s hands, Raynaud’s, fever | |
75% of antisynthetase antibodies are Jo-1 | |||
Non-Jo-1 <5% in adult DM/PM | |||
2–4% in JDM | |||
MDA5 | 10–48% in Asian adults with DM | CADM | |
0–13% in Caucasian adults with DM | Rapidly progressive ILD, alopecia, skin ulceration, palmar papules, panniculitis | ||
7–38% in JDM | |||
SAE1 | Exclusive to DM | CADM, dysphagia preceding muscle weakness | |
Mi2 | 9–24% adult IIM | Marked cutaneous DM, generally favourable response to treatment | |
4–10% JDM | |||
NXP2 | 1–17% adult PM/DM | Calcinosis in JDM | |
23–25% JDM | |||
TIF1 | 13–31% adult PM/DM | Strong association with cancer – up to 69% | |
22–29% JDM | |||
SRP | 5% Caucasian adults PM/DM | Severe necrotising myopathy, dysphagia | |
8–13% Asian/African adult PM/DM | Lower risk of ILD | ||
<2% JDM | |||
HMGCR | 6% adult PM/DM | Necrotising myopathy | |
<1% JDM | Statin use | ||
cN1A | 33–34% IBM | IBM – moderate specificity | |
36% Sjogren’s syndrome | |||
20% SLE | |||
0–5% adult DM/PM |
CADM = clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis; DM = dermatomyositis; HMGCR = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase; IBM = inclusion body myositis; IIM = idiopathic inflammatory myopathies; ILD = interstitial lung disease; JDM = juvenile dermatomyositis; MDA5 = melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5; PM = polymyositis; SAE1 = SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; SRP = signal recognition particle; TIF1 = transcriptional intermediary factor 1
Adapted from Betteridge and McHugh.24