Differential diagnoses in a patient with non-traumatic coma
| Neurological | Metabolic | Diffuse physiological brain dysfunction | Psychiatric |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ischaemic stroke | Hypoglycaemia | Seizures – including nonconvulsive status epilepticus | Psychiatric coma |
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | Hyperglycaemia | Alcohol intoxication | Malingering |
| Subarachnoid haemorrhage | Hyponatraemia | Opioid toxicity | |
| Subdural haematoma | Hypernatraemia | Drug overdose | |
| Brain tumour | Hypercalcaemia | Poisoning | |
| Cerebral lymphoma | Addisonian crisis | Hypothermia | |
| Multiple brain metastases | Hypothyroidism | Neuroleptic malignant syndrome | |
| Central nervous system infection | Uraemia | Serotonin syndrome | |
| Cerebral abscess | Hypercapnia | ||
| Cerebral oedema | Septic encephalopathy | ||
| Hydrocephalus | Hepatic encephalopathy | ||
| Anoxic brain injury (eg post cardiac arrest) | |||
| Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) | |||
| Trauma |