Disease-specific, eg risk factors for development of AF²⁵

Across diseases, eg alcohol consumption and CVDs²⁶

Studying variations in definition, eg aortic dissection during pregnancy²⁰

Development of diagnostic tools, eg familial hypercholesterolaemia²⁷

CVD, eg AF²⁸

CVD in non-cardiovascular disease, eg late CVD in cancer survivors²⁹

Incidence and prevalence, eg AF³⁰

Trends in management, eg prescription of novel anticoagulants in AF³¹

Resource utilisation, eg cost of AF³² or HF³³ management

International comparisons, eg NSTEMI management³³

Risk of CVD with non-cardiovascular diseases and drugs, eg CVD events with clarithromycin³⁴

Outcomes, eg HF³⁵

Derivation and validation of risk prediction tools, eg QRISK2¹⁷ and 10-year risk of HF³⁶

Comparative effectiveness, eg statins in different chronic diseases³⁷

Cost effectiveness, eg evolocumab³⁸

Trials, eg automated software to improve anticoagulation uptake in AF³⁹

Clinical decision support, eg dual antiplatelet therapy⁴⁰