Table 1.

Key themes of social sustainability^a

Traditional	Emerging
Basic needs, including housing and environmental health	Demographic change (ageing, migration and mobility)
Education and skills	Social mixing and cohesion
Employment	Identity, sense of place and culture
Equity	Empowerment, participation and access
Human rights and gender	Health and safety
Poverty	Social capital^b
Social justice	Well being, happiness and quality of life

↵^aSource: Colantonio A, Dixon T. Measuring socially sustainable urban regeneration in Europe. Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development, School of the Built Environment, Oxford Brookes University (2009)¹⁴ (reproduced with permission)
↵^bSocial capital is defined by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as ’networks together with shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co-operation within or among groups’