Table 1.

	Individual	Systemic	Public
Case 1	Misdiagnosis and mistreatment of a person with NEAD	Remediable clinical error affecting the treatment of future people presenting with epilepsy/NEAD	Misinformation about the nature and appropriate treatment of NEAD
Case 2	A person’s symptoms are attributed erroneously to causation by vaccination; other causes are not explored	Clinicians widely misattribute sets of symptoms to causation by vaccines, preventing future patients accessing appropriate investigation/treatment and reducing their willingness to prescribe vaccinations	Unfounded concerns about side effects produces a vaccine scare, reducing uptake of vaccination amongst at-risk populations
Case 3	A person undergoes major surgery with no evidence of likely benefit	Unjustified interventions are offered to other patients with CRPS	Increased public pressure to offer amputation for CRPS