Box 1.

Diagnostic criteria for short-term insomnia disorder. Adapted from Zucconi M, Ferri R. Classification of sleep disorders. In: Bassetti CL, Dogan Z, Peigneux P (eds). Sleep Medicine Textbook. Regensburg: European Sleep Research Society, 2014.

The patient reports, or the patient's caregiver observes, one or more of the following:
  • difficulty initiating sleep

  • difficulty maintaining sleep

  • waking up earlier than desired

  • resistance to going to bed on appropriate schedule

  • difficulty sleeping without caregiver intervention.

The patient reports, or the patient's caregiver observes, one or more of the following related to the night time sleep difficulty:
  • fatigue/malaise

  • attention, concentration or memory impairment

  • impaired social, family, occupational or academic performance

  • mood disturbance / irritability

  • daytime sleepiness

  • behavioural problems (eg hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression)

  • reduced motivation/energy/initiative

  • proneness to errors/accidents

  • concerns about or dissatisfaction with sleep.

The reported sleep/wake complaints cannot be explained purely by inadequate opportunity (ie enough time is allotted for sleep) or inadequate circumstances (ie the environment is safe, dark, quiet and comfortable) for sleep. The sleep disturbance and associated daytime symptoms have been present for <3 months. The sleep/wake difficulty is not explained by another sleep disorder. All above criteria must be met to qualify as short-term insomnia disorder.
  • Adapted from Zucconi M, Ferri R. Classification of sleep disorders. In: Bassetti CL, Dogan Z, Peigneux P (eds). Sleep Medicine Textbook. Regensburg: European Sleep Research Society, 2014.