Prognostic tool | Validated populations | Type of prediction | Factors included in score | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
Palliative Prognostic Score (PaP) | Mixed advanced disease: cancer and non-cancer | Probability of surviving 30 days – score assigns patients to one of three groups with <30%, 30–70% or >70% probability of survival | Symptoms of dyspnoea and anorexia
Functional status Clinician predicted survival Laboratory results: white cell count and lymphocyte % | A hybrid assessment method which combines clinicians’ survival estimates with clinical features and blood results |
Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) | Mixed advanced disease: cancer and non-cancer | Each decreasing PPS level (deciles from 100 to 0%) is associated with a shorter survival; a study has derived median survival in days for PPS levels 10–70% | Functional status based on ambulation activity and evidence of disease self-care intake (food and fluid) conscious level | Does not rely on blood results or clinician predictions of survival. Not specifically developed as a prognostic tool and may therefore be missing some key prognostic variables. |
Prognosis in Palliative care study (PiPS-A) score | Advanced incurable cancer | Provides a probability of surviving days (0–14 days), weeks (15–56 days) or months (>56 days) | Clinical information on diagnosis
Sites of metastases Presence or absence of key symptoms Cognitive status Functional status | Does not rely on blood results or clinician predictions of survival |
Prognosis in Palliative care study (PiPS-B) score | Similar factors as for PiPS-A but with addition of blood results | Does not rely on clinician predictions of survival. In one study was found to be better than a doctor's or a nurse's survival prediction | ||
Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI) | Advanced incurable cancer | Probability of surviving <3 weeks or <6 weeks | Performance score
Oral intake Clinical signs of oedema and delirium Symptoms of dyspnoea | Does not rely on blood results or clinician predictions of survival |