Cardiovascular |
Sinus tachycardia. |
Bradyarrhythmias (bradycardia, asystole; precipitated by suctioning or other manoeuvres). |
Sudden cardiac death. |
Tachyarrhythmias (atrial fibrillation or flutter, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia). |
Orthostatic hypotension. |
Electrocardiogram changes (elevation or depression of ST segments, flat or inverted T waves, QT interval prolongation, axis deviation, and conduction block). |
Sustained or paroxysmal hypertension. |
Paroxysmal hypotension. |
Hypersensitivity to vasoactive drugs. |
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.5 |
‘Pseudo-anginal’ chest pain. |
Cerebrovascular |
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. |
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.
6 |
Subarachnoid haemorrhage. |
Intracerebral haemorrhage.7 |
Ischaemic stroke.8 |