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Mechanisms of Immune Protection to Pneumococcal Infection in the Young and the Elderly

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Immunosenescence

Part of the book series: Birkhäuser Advances in Infectious Diseases ((BAID))

Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a common cause of both non-invasive and invasive infection with high morbidity and mortality. The very young and the elderly are a particular risk of pneumococcal disease. There is considerable variation in virulence between different pneumococcal strains with some strains usually restricted to local infection at mucosal surfaces and other strains frequently causing invasive pneumococcal disease with the associated high morbidity and mortality. Age-dependent differences in the dominant disease-causing strains suggest that mechanisms of host protection against pneumococcal infection vary with age. In this review, we describe the spectrum of both invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease and the mechanisms of immunity to pneumococcal infection in the young and the aged. We focus on identifying age-specific risk factors for pneumococcal infection and age-dependent changes in the quality of immune defence against pneumococcus. Finally, we discuss serotype-specific virulence determinants of pneumococcus that may contribute to the patterns of colonisation and invasive pneumococcal disease in the young and the elderly as well as current and future approaches to immunisation for protection against pneumococcal disease.

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  1. Department Clinical Immunology Papworth and Addenbrookes Hospital NHS Foundation Trusts, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, CB23 3RE, UK

    Helen E. Baxendale

  2. Centre for Respiratory Research, Rayne Institute, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK

    Jeremy S. Brown

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    Andreas Thiel

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Baxendale, H.E., Brown, J.S. (2012). Mechanisms of Immune Protection to Pneumococcal Infection in the Young and the Elderly. In: Thiel, A. (eds) Immunosenescence. Birkhäuser Advances in Infectious Diseases. Springer, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0346-0219-8_5

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