Abstract
Osteoporosis is a leading cause of morbidity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Bone loss is an early systemic process and occurs even before clinical disease manifests. Bone disease is attributed to vitamin D deficiency, steroid use, and/or systemic inflammation. In this review, we discuss the molecular pathways of bone loss mediated by inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Further research will hopefully clarify the mechanisms of inflammation-induced bone loss in IBD and guide effective treatment modalities.
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Acknowledgments
MA and SA would like to thank Ankit Amin (MS) and Anastasia Floros (MS) for their inputs in the preparation of figure.
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Conflicts of interest: M. Agrawal: none; S. Arora: none; J. Li: none; R. Rahmani: none; L. Sun: none; A.F. Steinlauf: none; J.I. Mechanick: has been a consultant for Abbott Nutrition and Nestle Nutrition; has received grant support from Select Medical Corp.; has received honoraria from Abbott Nutrtion and Nestle Nutrition; has received payment for development of educational presentations including service on speakers’ bureaus from Abbott Nutrition; and has received travel/accommodations expenses covered or reimbursed by Abbott Nutrition and Nestle Nutrition; M. Zaidi: has been a consultant for Amgen, Procter & Gamble, Roche and Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Warner Chilcott, and Novartis; has given expert testimony for Bowman and Brooke, Simes, and VEnables; has two patents on FSH and TSH, only if they mature into a drug, from Mount Sinai School of Medicine; has received payment for development of educational presentations including service on speakers’ bureaus from CME Education LLC and also various CME prams at academic institutions.
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Agrawal, M., Arora, S., Li, J. et al. Bone, Inflammation, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 9, 251–257 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-011-0077-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-011-0077-9