Letter to the EditorAustrian syndrome: Report of two new cases and literature review
Introduction
In April 2004, Rammeloo et al. reported a child-aortic-valve endocarditis following pneumococcal meningitis [1]. Classically, the association of pneumococcal pneumonia along with meningitis and infectious endocarditis (IE) is known as Austrian syndrome [2]. We assessed the incidence, clinical manifestations, and follow-up of patients diagnosed with Austrian syndrome in Lugo (Northwest Spain) between 1987 and 2002. A computerized MEDLINE search was performed for literature review.
Section snippets
Case report
During the study period 165 patients met criteria for definite IE. Two of the 3 patients with streptococcus pneumoniae IE met definitions for Austrian syndrome. The incidence of this syndrome in Lugo patients with definite IE was 1.2%.
Discussion
In the review we found 48 cases of Austrian syndrome with complete information on 16 [3], [4] (Table 1). Most were alcoholic men with acute clinical presentation. All patients had native valve IE. Twelve (75%) suffered aortic valve involvement with high grade of valve regurgitation in 8. Nine (56%) experienced cardiac complications including congestive heart failure. Ten (63%) required valve replacement (8 aortic and 2 mitral) during the active phase of the endocarditis. Nine had non-cardiac
References (6)
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Pneumococcal endocarditis is not just a disease of the past: an analysis of 16 cases diagnosed in Denmark 1986–1997
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Acromioclavicular joint arthritis as the first manifestation of Austrian syndrome
2020, Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyCitation Excerpt :Risk factors for invasive pneumococcal infections include extremes of age, chronic alcoholism, chronic glucocorticoid therapy, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, current smoking, congestive heart failure, chronic renal insufficiency, chronic liver disease, and immunosuppressive conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus [2]. In a review, Austrian syndrome developed more frequently in middle-aged men with chronic alcoholism, debilitation, or immune dysfunction [11]. The patient had some of these risk factors for invasive pneumococcal infections and Austrian syndrome.
Austrian Syndrome
2010, Medicina IntensivaAustrian's triad complicated by suppurative pericarditis and cardiac tamponade: a case report and review of the literature
2009, International Journal of Infectious DiseasesCitation Excerpt :Aronin et al. mentioned that 116 or 59% of the 197 reviewed cases of pneumococcal endocarditis had concurrent meningitis and that 29 of those had Osler's triad.4 A recent report and review by Gonzalez-Juanatey et al. identified two cases of Austrian's syndrome over a 15-year period at their institution in Lugo, Spain and reviewed an additional 16 well-defined cases from the literature.8 No cases of associated pericarditis or cardiac tamponade were identified.
Austrian syndrome (pneumococcal pneumonia, meningitis, and endocarditis): A case report
2008, American Journal of the Medical SciencesCitation Excerpt :Although seen infrequently today, unusual manifestations of pneumococcal infection such as those Austrian reported still occur. In the literature review, we found 54 cases of Austrian syndrome with complete information on 20.1,4,8–13 All patients had native valve infective endocarditis.
Austrian syndrome: A clinical rarity
2008, International Journal of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :We consider this data are extensible to Austrian syndrome. In a recent review, 48 cases of classic Austrian syndrome are referred with complete information on 16 [6]. Most were alcoholic men with acute clinical presentation in forth of fifth decade.
Austrian's syndrome: The first described case of pneumococcal meningitis pneumonia and endocarditis in an injecting drug user
2007, European Journal of Internal MedicineCitation Excerpt :In the immunocompetent, smoking remains the most significant risk factor for IPD. The triad of meningitis, pneumonia and endocarditis and its association with S. pneumoniae has only been described in a small numbers of patients, with a reported incidence of 1.2% amongst infective endocarditis patients [1]. This is the first reported case in an IDU.