Review ArticlePremature lung aging and cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COPD/emphysema
Section snippets
Premature aging and epithelial stem cell exhaustion
IPF is the most common and severe idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society consensus statement defined this entity as a specific form of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia that is limited to the lung and has a histologic appearance of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP).12 IPF can either present as sporadic disease or as heritable familial forms, such as familial interstitial pneumonia (FIP). The percentage of FIP among IPF is up
Premature Aging in COPD/Emphysema
As discussed previously for IPF, the pathogenesis of COPD is extremely complex as well, and the contribution of different mechanisms is necessary for its development, including genetic predisposition and environmental factors.176, 177 Early life disadvantages can also contribute to a disproportionate decline in lung function and increased risk of developing COPD.178 Premature aging has been proposed as a key factor in the pathogenesis of COPD, in which the critical balance between senescence
Concluding Remarks
The pathogenic models for IPF and COPD described in this review are summarized schematically in Figs 8 and 9. The large amount of available new data regarding the role of premature aging, parenchymal lung senescence, immunosenescence, and inflammaging in the pathogenesis of both IPF and COPD open new perspectives for a better understanding of their pathogenesis and can also provide alternative treatment options for these deadly diseases.250, 251, 252, 253 The relevance of the different types of
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This work was supported in part by European Union FP7 Health Research Grant no. HEALTH-F4-2008-202047 “Resolve Chronic Inflammation and Achieve Healthy Ageing by Understanding Non-regenerative Repair.”