Chest
Clinical InvestigationsInfectionProportion of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Cases Attributable to Tobacco Smoking
Section snippets
Materials and Methods
Further details on cases and controls and methods of collecting information have been reported elsewhere.8 Briefly, the study was conducted in a mixed residential-industrial urban area having 74,610 inhabitants > 14 years of age in the Maresme county (Barcelona, Spain), which is situated on the Mediterranean coast. This area was selected because all of its physicians who are first contacted by patients having symptoms of CAP (ie, primary care and hospital emergency departments) undertook to
Results
Among the patients with CAP, 64.9% were current smokers of cigarettes (Table 1) or had smoked at some time during their life; among the control subjects, 56.2% were current smokers or had smoked at some time during their life. Of these, 15 patients and 24 control subjects had also smoked cigars, and 4 control subjects had also smoked pipes. The OR for ever smokers of any type of tobacco was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.24 to 3.24), for current smokers was 1.88 (95% CI, 1.11 to 3.19), and for ex-smokers was
Discussion
One of the major advantages of our case-control study is that it is population based, and one in which all CAP cases occurring in the entire population of a defined area within a 2-year period were included. Thus, we avoided the potential selection biases that affect studies restricted to hospitalized patients or selected groups of patients with pneumonia. The geographic area is relatively small, and it enabled the identification and the study of all suspected pneumonia cases registered by
Appendix
Collaborators in the study from Primary Care Centers: J. Costa, M. Tristany, E. Carrillo, M.J. Castany, C. Costa, J. Grau, G. Lozano, of Arenys; P. Subias, B. Jimeno, V. Marina, M. Casanovas, A. Gardella, M.C. Ginés, A. Bragnovich, M. Fradera, of Canet and Sant Pol de Mar; P. Flores, P. Serra, E. Torrellas, J.L. Fernandez, J. Mussoll, of Cirera Molins; A. Armada, X. Mestres, Y. Ortega, M. Roger, C. Guardiola, M.T. Gros, N. Les, of Ronda Cerdanya; M. Aizpurua, J. Domenech, J. Massons, M. Bundó,
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Supported by the Health Research Fund of the Spanish Ministry of Health(expedient 94/0834).