Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the most severe form of acute lung injury (ALI),
remains a devastating condition with a high mortality. It is characterised by alveolar injury …

Currently, insufficient data are present to recommend replacing cervical mediastinoscopy
with EBUS for lung cancer staging; the negative predictive value of EBUS requires validation. …

The clinical syndrome of acute lung injury (ALI) occurs as a result of an initial acute systemic
inflammatory response. This can be consequent to a plethora of insults, either direct to the …

Background Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) causes debilitating breathlessness and
predicting survival is challenging. This study aimed to obtain contemporary data on survival by …

The recognition of potentially harmful microorganisms involves the specific recognition of
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and the family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a recently described family of immune receptors involved in
the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The central role of TLR-2 …

Background Pleural effusion secondary to a nonmalignant cause can represent significant
morbidity and mortality. Nonmalignant pleural effusion (NMPE) is common, with congestive …

Pleural infection is increasing in incidence. Despite optimal medical management, up to 30%
of patients will die or require surgery. Case reports suggest that irrigation of the pleural …

Breathlessness is a common symptom in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and an important
cause of morbidity. Though this has been attributed to the well described pulmonary vascular …

Staging for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires accurate assessment of the
mediastinal lymph nodes which determines treatment and outcome. As radiological staging is …