Rationale: Surgical lung biopsy can help to determine a specific diagnosis in interstitial lung
disease but has associated risks. Most currently available mortality data are derived from …

Rationale: Previous studies have suggested that people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
may be at increased risk of vascular disease. Objectives: To quantify the risk of …

Background: An increase in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic
inflammation, is associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), supporting the …

Rationale: Evidence from the United Kingdom suggests that the number of deaths from
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is increasing, although comparable international data are limited. …

International guidelines and new targeted therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have
increased the need for accurate diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD), which may lead to …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces quorum sensing signal molecules that are potential
biomarkers for infection. A prospective study of 60 cystic fibrosis patients with chronic P. …

Case-crossover and case-series analyses are 2 epidemiologic approaches that can be used
to evaluate the association of exposures with acute events. Using a primary care database …

Background Laboratory studies suggest that the clotting cascade is activated in fibrotic lungs.
Since humans vary in their tendency to clot due to a variety of inherited or acquired defects, …

Background: Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with a variety of non‐gastrointestinal
sequelae. These may be mediated by an increase in systemic inflammation. We …

Background An increase in weight is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cancer.
This increased risk may be mediated by inflammation, but no long-term data are available on …