. turity onset diabetes accounts for approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes. It is one of
the most common chronic diseases in the world; it has been estimated that the prevalence of …

Key content The presence of clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism is a
defining feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)., As the criteria for diagnosing PCOS …

Blockade of the angiotensin-renin system, with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)
and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), has been shown to improve cardiac …

DISCUSSION The underlying cause of the hypoparathyroidism was elucidated after several
further laboratory investigations were undertaken for the patient. A fluorescence in situ …

We present a highly unusual and interesting case of coexistent hyperparathyroidism and
sarcoidosis leading to hypercalcaemia. A 70 year old female presented with weight loss, …

Renal Fanconi syndrome (RFS) is characterised by generalised dysfunction of the proximal
renal tubules, resulting in excessive urinary loss of solutes, most notably bicarbonate, and …

A woman in her 30s with gestational diabetes presented at 36 weeks’ gestation with reduced
fetal movements and diminishing insulin requirements. In view of her gestation, she was …

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the most common cause of hypercalcaemia and is
caused by a single parathyroid adenoma in the neck in 85% or more of patients. National …

Diabetic myonecrosis (DMN) or diabetic muscle infarction is a rare complication of diabetes
mellitus. To date, over half a century since first described in 1965, 1 the pathogenesis and …

Milk–alkali syndrome (MAS) is a triad of hypercalcaemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal
insufficiency. In this study, we present a case of milk–alkali syndrome secondary to concurrent …