About a decade after the initial proposal to use model checkers for the generation of test
cases we take a look at the results in this field of research. Model checkers are formal …

Idiosyncratic or type B reactions are characterised by their unpredictability and lack of
simple dose-dependency. They occur in a small proportion of patients, and usually the …

To find defects in software, one needs test cases that execute the software systematically,
and oracles that assess the correctness of the observed behavior when running these test …

A good test suite is one that detects real faults. Because the set of faults in a program is usually
unknowable, this definition is not useful to practitioners who are creating test suites, nor …

Not all bugs lead to program crashes, and not always is there a formal specification to check
the correctness of a software test's outcome. A common scenario in software testing is …

Finding real or imaginary defects in a textbook is fairly easy, but the authors were aware of
this and disarmed criticism by writing in their Preface of" the difficulties that can beset two …

To assess the quality of test suites, mutation analysis seeds artificial defects (mutations) into
programs; a non-detected mutation indicates a weakness in the test suite. We present an …

A test oracle determines whether a test execution reveals a fault, often by comparing the
observed program output to the expected output. This is not always practical, for example when …

Most fault localization techniques take as input a faulty program, and produce as output a
ranked list of suspicious code locations at which the program may be defective. When …

Many software engineering problems have been addressed with search algorithms. Search
algorithms usually depend on several parameters (eg, population size and crossover rate in …