Background Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from
a number of cells of origin along the biliary tree. Although most cases in Western countries …

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterised by inflammation of the exocrine pancreas and is
associated with acinar cell injury and both a local and systemic inflammatory response. AP may …

Background and Aims Digital single-operator cholangioscopy (d-SOC) with cholangioscopic
biopsy sampling has shown promise in the evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures. …

Introduction IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a relapsing multisystem fibro-inflammatory
disease, which may involve the kidney (IgG4-related kidney disease [IgG4-RKD]) and …

Cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon and highly aggressive biliary tract malignancy with
few manifestations until late disease stages. Diagnosis is currently achieved through a …

Ultrasound imaging is a commonly used technology for visualising patient anatomy in real-time
during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. High operator dependency and low …

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a complex multisystem fibro-inflammatory
disorder, requiring diagnostic differentiation from malignancy and other immune-mediated …

In late antiquity, as under the earlier Empire, Tripolitania was a small and somewhat isolated
territory. The creation of a separate province of Tripolitania, in the closing years of the third …

The Limes Tripolitanus, the easternmost of the series of limites protecting the Latin provinces
of Roman Africa, ran for some 1,000 km. from Turris Tamalleni (the modern Telmine, on the …

During the North African campaigns of 1941–3 numerous air-photographs of the Tripolitanian
coast were taken by the RAF for operational purposes, and the site of Lepcis Magna was …