Doctors are poor at predicting patients’ cognitive function based on a routine, non-cognitive
evaluation alone. 1, 2 Cognitive assessment is a valuable clinical skill. It facilitates the …

Background Electromyographic biofeedback (EMG‐BFB) is a technique that is believed to
have additional benefit when used with standard physiotherapy for the recovery of motor …

OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in
hospitalized older people with clinical criteria and therapeutic guidelines. DESIGN: A …

Urine dipsticks test for both leukocyte esterase (a marker for pyuria) and urinary nitrites (coliform
bacteria reduce nitrates in urine to nitrites). Escherichia coli is the most common …

There is clinical uncertainty as to the testing of serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D (25 [OH] D)
concentrations and when to use high-dose supplementation. Data show that there has been a …

Deprescribing has gained interest recently, driven by an ageing population seeing an
increasing number living with multiple long-term conditions. This, coupled with disease-specific …

Intermediate care (IC) has been government policy for implementation in the UK for almost
10 years. It was hoped that it would help free up acute hospital resources. However, …

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common and disabling problem among older people.
Anticholinergic drugs (ADs) are a pharmacological option recommended for overactive bladder or …

Acetylcholine is the key neurotransmitter in cholinergic pathways, with excitatory and
inhibitory functional roles in the central, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems. In the …

Prescribing cascades are where a drug adverse reaction is wrongly attributed to the emergence
of a new condition, which leads to further drug prescribing. This promotes polypharmacy…