The past 50 years have seen a growing ageing population with an increasing prevalence of
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); now, nearly half of all individuals with diabetes mellitus are …

Stress, defined as a state of threatened homeostasis, mobilizes a complex spectrum of
adaptive physiologic and behavioral responses that aim to re-establish the challenged body …

Stress is a state of threatened homeostasis or disharmony caused by intrinsic or extrinsic
adverse forces and is counteracted by an intricate repertoire of physiologic and behavioral …

Inflammatory cytokines have metabolic actions that probably contribute to the general
adaptation of the organism during infectious or inflammatory stress. To examine the effects of …

Stress constitutes a state of threatened homeostasis triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic
adverse forces (stressors) and is counteracted by an intricate repertoire of physiologic and …

4. Dr. Gregory Kaltsas MD FRCP (Lon) is a Professor in General Medicine and Endocrinology
at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. He was trained in General …

Fat tissue is a significant source of endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), the
pluripotent cytokine that plays an important role as a mediator of the peripheral insulin resistance …

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) comprises the vast majority of all diabetes cases
in adults, with alarmingly increasing prevalence over the past few decades worldwide. A …

Aims/hypothesis: SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have been studied as potential treatments
against NAFLD, showing varying beneficial effects. The molecular mechanisms mediating these …

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), the main circulating cytokine, is putatively a major mediator of the effects
of the immune system on several endocrine axes and intermediate metabolism. We …