Objectives : We sought to determine whether the addition of spironolactone to angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) improves left …

Background Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI).
Whether estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR…

Background Allopurinol is a urate-lowering therapy used to treat patients with gout.
Previous studies have shown that allopurinol has positive effects on several cardiovascular …

Chronic kidney disease is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, and heart failure
and arrhythmias are the biggest causes of cardiovascular death in this population. Increased …

Importance There is little evidence to support selection of heart rate control therapy in patients
with permanent atrial fibrillation, in particular those with coexisting heart failure. Objective …

BACKGROUND:: Validated prediction scores are required to assess the risks of end-stage
renal disease (ESRD) and death in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). STUDY …

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious global public health problem. We aimed
to quantify the risk of AKI associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), …

Alteration in function of the cardiac autonomic nervous system has proved to be a powerful
predictor of cardiac death or serious arrhythmia in patients with cardiac disease, yet little is …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD); a
graded inverse relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and …

Background Hypertension and proteinuria are critically involved in the progression of chronic
kidney disease. Despite treatment with renin angiotensin system inhibition, kidney function …