Magnetic fields likely play a key role in the dynamics and evolution of protoplanetary disks.
They have the potential to efficiently transport angular momentum by MHD turbulence or via …

MHD in protostellar discs is modified by the Hall current when the ambipolar diffusion
approximation breaks down. Here I examine the Balbus-Hawley (magnetorotational) instability of a …

… MARK WARDLE … the gas density decreases, marking the beginning of the tran- … Wardle
& Königl (1990) applied the selfsimilar disk model of Königl (1989) to the interpretation of the …

Importance Uncertainty remains about how aggressively to treat early multiple sclerosis.
High-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are often reserved for individuals expressing …

Planets appear to form in environments shaped by the gas flowing through protostellar disks
to the central young stars. The flows in turn are governed by orbital angular momentum …

We evaluate the conductivity tensor for molecular gas at densities ranging from 10 4 to 10
15 cm −3 for a variety of grain models. The Hall contribution to the conductivity has generally …

Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate demographic and disease factors
associated with changes in employment role and status in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: …

The Hall effect arises in a plasma when electrons are able to drift with the magnetic field but
ions cannot. In a fully ionized plasma this occurs for frequencies between the ion and …

Background Age of onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) peaks in the 3rd and 4th decades and is
rarely less than 18. Robust longitudinal studies in paediatric-onset MS (POMS) are limited, …

The breakdown of flux-freezing in molecular clouds and protostellar discs is usually approximated
by ambipolar diffusion at low densities or by resistive diffusion at high densities. Here …