Background & Aims Chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis are associated with immune
dysregulation, leading to concerns that affected patients may be at risk of adverse outcomes …

[1] Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality
of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020…

Background & Aims Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) progresses through different
phases. The first, called the immune-tolerant phase, has been associated with a lack of …

Antiviral T cell responses in hepatotropic viral infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) are
profoundly diminished and prone to apoptotic deletion. In this study, we investigate whether …

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) results in disparate degrees of tissue injury: the virus
can either replicate without pathological consequences or trigger immune-mediated …

The liver provides a tolerogenic immune niche exploited by several highly prevalent pathogens
as well as by primary and metastatic tumors. We have sampled healthy and hepatitis B …

The ability of innate immune cells to sense and respond to impending danger varies by
anatomical location. The liver is considered tolerogenic but is still capable of mounting a …

B cells are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in the ongoing control of
hepatitis B virus (HBV). The development of antibodies against the viral surface antigen (HBV …

Chronic HBV (CHB) infection suppresses virus-specific T cells, but its impact on humoral
immunity has been poorly analyzed. Here, we developed a dual-staining method that utilizes …

Optimal immune activation of naïve CD8 T cells requires signal 1 mediated by the T cell
receptor, signal 2 mediated by co-stimulation and signal 3 provided by pro-inflammatory …