Ghrelin, a circulating growth hormone–releasing peptide derived from the stomach, stimulates
food intake. The lowest systemically effective orexigenic dose of ghrelin was investigated …

Objective The colonic microbiota ferment dietary fibres, producing short chain fatty acids.
Recent evidence suggests that the short chain fatty acid propionate may play an important role …

Context: Mutation of the G protein-coupled receptor 54 is associated with a failure of
reproductive function. The endogenous neuropeptide agonist for G protein-coupled receptor 54, …

Obesity is a major public health issue worldwide. Understanding how the brain controls
appetite offers promising inroads toward new therapies for obesity. Peptide YY (PYY) and …

In March, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. At the time of writing, the UK
has the highest number of recorded fatalities in Europe, with London regarded as the …

Context: Kisspeptin, the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor 54, is a key
regulator of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. GPR54-null mice exhibit …

Context The effects of COVID-19 on the thyroid axis remain uncertain. Recent evidence has
been conflicting, with both thyrotoxicosis and suppression of thyroid function reported. …

Gut hormones signal to the central nervous system to influence energy homeostasis.
Evidence supports the existence of a system in the gut that senses the presence of food in the …

Agouti‐related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are colocalized in arcuate nucleus
(arcuate) neurons implicated in the regulation of energy balance. Both AgRP and NPY …

… Waljit S Dhillo Waljit S Dhillo … In summary, there is cumulative evidence that the endocrine
system is particularly vulnerable to both destruction and alteration in function because of …