A consensus conference on cardio-renal syndromes (CRS) was held in Venice Italy, in
September 2008 under the auspices of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI). The …

To include the vast array of interrelated derangements, and to stress the bidirectional nature
of the heart-kidney interactions, the classification of the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) …

Both cardiac and renal diseases are extremely common in the population and frequently
coexist. Cardiac disease is often associated with worsening renal function and vice versa …

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis, which is also the
most common cause of chronic heart failure (CHF). One-third of patients with CHF are …

Background: Many patients admitted to a Department of Internal Medicine have different
degrees of heart and kidney dysfunction. Mortality, morbidity and cost of care greatly …

Cardio-renal insufficiency is an emerging entity, with affected individuals surviving with
extreme degrees of simultaneous heart failure and renal failure. Management of the …

This sixth best practice review examines four series of common primary care questions in
laboratory medicine:(1) laboratory monitoring in hypertension and heart failure …

Discussion Cardiorenal failure may be defined as the presence of pulmonary oedema in
patients with impaired renal function, arbitrarily a serum creatinine concentration exceeding …

In recent years, the relationship between the heart and the kidneys in disease has received
increasing attention from the clinical and scientific medical community. This was initiated by …

The progressive ageing of the population, the extensive application of cardiac interventional
procedures and the improved prognosis of diseases with a so far dismal outcome have …