Executive summary We are facing a huge increase in the older population over the next 30
years. This brings an anticipated increase in the prevalence of chronic pain and with this …

Background The purpose of this literature review was to examine the existing patient-
reported outcome measurement literature to understand the empirical evidence supporting …

Objectives Pain visual analogue scales (VAS) are commonly used in clinical trials and are
often treated as an interval level scale without evidence that this is appropriate. This paper …

Aim: The aim of the study was to find out the validity and reliability of visual analogue scale
in pain measurement. Methodology: A critical review was done for this study. Total ten …

Upper limb spasticity affecting elbow, wrist, and finger flexors can be safely and effectively
reduced with injections of botulinum toxin type‐A (BoNT‐A). It has been best studied in …

CONCLUSIONS We disagree with the admonition by Kersten et al.(1) that parametric
statistics should not be used for VAS rating data because the VAS only has ordinal scale …

Background and aims Back pain is among the most common complaints of patients during
the first hours after coronary angiography (CA), ie when they are restricted to complete bed …

Background In an earlier pilot study with 10 women, we investigated a new approach for
therapy of faecal incontinence (FI) due to obstetric trauma, involving ultrasound-guided …

Methods Prospective, observational study (Clinicaltrials. gov: NCT04050527) of ambulatory
adult patients (≥ 18 years) with unilateral lower limb spasticity (able to take≥ 5 steps with or …

Objectives Describe the rationale and protocol for the Upper Limb International Spasticity
(ULIS)-III study, which aims to evaluate the impact of integrated spasticity management …