This paper reviews the psychological mechanisms that lead to placebo responses and the
physiological basis for reduction in symptoms. Some psychological mechanisms …

Placebo effects are often attributed to clinical interactions and contextual factors that affect
expectations of the patient about the treatment and result in symptom changes. The …

The placebo effect is defined as any improvement of symptoms or signs following a
physically inert intervention. Its effects are especially profound in relieving subjective …

Placebos are widely recognized as having a potentially powerful effect on health and health
behavior, yet our understanding of the placebo phenomenon is limited. Many factors are …

Often regarded simply as a nuisance in clinical drug trials in which the aim is to separate
drug response from placebo response in a statistically significant manner, the placebo …

There have been many descriptions of a placebo and the “placebo effect”(Beecher, 1965;
Gadow & Poling, 1986; Shapiro, 1971; Turner, Gallimore, & Fox-Henning, 1980; White …

MEDICINE HAS BEEN OF 2 MINDS, SO TO SPEAK, RE-garding the placebo effect in
clinical prac-tice. On the one hand, the placebo is disparaged as an inert and deceptive …

Placebo research provides solid scientific ground for all those psychological aspects that
characterize every medical treatment. It also gives us information on the functioning of the …

The placebo effect is a complex phenomenon that can be described from neurobiological,
psychosocial, and epistemological perspectives. Different leaders in the field have proposed …

Any change in a patient's signs or symptoms which is the result of the therapeutic intent, and
not the specific physico-chemical nature, of a medical procedure can be called a placebo …